Lithium Mining

Lithium Extraction from Brine or Hard Rock Sources

In lithium extraction from both brine and hard rock sources, industrial gases play key roles in enhancing efficiency and selectivity. Oxygen is used in oxidation reactions to remove impurities like manganese and iron from brines, and in roasting spodumene ore to convert it into a more reactive form for acid leaching. Carbon dioxide aids in precipitating lithium carbonate from brines and neutralizing waste streams, while nitrogen is used to create inert atmospheres that protect sensitive processes and equipment from moisture and oxidation.

Chemical Conversion Processes

In the chemical conversion processes of lithium production, hydrogen is used in high-temperature reduction reactions to produce lithium metal from its compounds. It also plays a role in emerging direct lithium metal production technologies. Chlorine or hydrogen chloride is used in chlorination steps to produce lithium chloride, a key intermediate in the overall refining process.

Environmental and Process Control

In environmental and process control during lithium production, nitrogen and argon are used to create inert atmospheres that protect sensitive equipment during high-temperature operations. These gases help prevent combustion, contamination, and unwanted chemical reactions. They are also used for gas blanketing, particularly during lithium hydroxide or carbonate crystallization, to keep air and moisture out of the process.