Skip to Main Content
  • Linde Worldwide
  • The Linde Group
  • Related sites
  • About Linde
  • Careers

  • Industrial Gases
    US

  • Home
  • Industries
      • Aerospace & Defense
      • Aquaculture
        • Flow-Through Farms
        • RAS
        • Sea Cages
        • Fish Transportation
      • Chemicals
        • Fine & Specialty Chemicals
        • Base & Bulk Chemicals
      • Construction & Infrastructure
        • Construction
        • Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC)
        • Heavy Machinery
        • Offshore
        • Pipelines
        • Wind, Wave & Tidal
      • Electronics
        • Semiconductor
        • Display
        • Solar
        • LED
        • Contact the Linde Team
        • Quality
        • News & Media
          • Press Releases
          • Publications
      • Food & Beverage
        • Beverage
        • Dairy
        • Dry Foods & Bakery
        • Edible Oils & Fats
        • Fish & Seafood
        • Fruit & Vegetables
        • Meat
        • Prepared Foods
      • Glass
      • Laboratories
        • Air Quality Monitoring
        • Analysis & Measurement
          • Absorption Spectometry
          • Chemiluminesence Spectrometry
          • Emission Spectrometry
          • Fluoresence Spectrometry
          • Gas Chromatography
          • Gas Detection
          • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
          • Inductively Coupled Plasma
          • Infrared Spectrometry
          • Mass Spectrometry
          • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
          • Paramagnetic Method
          • Supercritical Fluid
          • Thermal Methods
        • Automotive Laboratories
        • Biological Growth Control
        • Car Exhaust Testing
        • Chemicals Production
        • Emission Trading
        • Environmental Protection
        • Petrochemical Processing
        • Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology
        • Power Generation
        • Process Control
        • Soil and Water Measurement
        • Solvent & VOC Monitoring
      • Medical
        • Clinical Diagnostics
        • Healthcare
        • MRI
          • CryoFill Services
      • Metal Fabrication
      • Metals
        • Aluminum
          • Aluminum Melting
          • Aluminum Casting
        • Iron
          • Iron Melting
          • Iron Casting
        • Steel
          • Boosting of reheating furnaces
          • Boosting of reheating furnaces
          • Annealing of steel strips
          • Oxyfuel solution for ladle preheating
        • Gas supply
      • Pharma & Biotech
        • Biotech
      • Rubber & Plastics
      • Power & Energy
        • Biofuels Production
        • Conventional Power
        • Hydrogen Energy
        • Liquefied Natural Gas
        • Upstream Oil & Gas
          • Fraccing with CO2 & LN2
          • Enhanced Oil Recovery
          • Fireflooding
      • Pulp & Paper
      • Petrochemicals & Refining
      • Mobility & Transportation
        • Aerospace & Defense
        • Automotive
        • Rail
        • Shipbuilding
        • Trucking
      • Water and Wastewater Treatment
        • Aerobic wastewater treatment with oxygen
        • Neutralization and remineralization with carbon dioxide
        • Pure oxygen for efficient ozone generation
        • Services and customer support
  • Processes
      • Air Pollution Control
        • NOx Control
        • VOC Control
      • Additive Manufacturing Processes
        • Metal Powder Production and Handling
        • 3D Printing
          • Laser Additive Manufacturing
          • Wire Arc AM (WAAM)
          • AM Gas control ADDvance™
        • AM Gas Supply
        • R&D Additive Manufacturing
      • Analysis & Instrumentation
        • Traceability
      • Aquaculture
      • Cleaning, Polishing & Grinding
        • Bleaching
          • Bleaching of Chemical Pulp
          • Oxygen Delignification
          • Oxygen Reinforced Alkaline Extraction
          • Oxygen Reinforced Peroxide Bleaching
          • Ozone Delignification/Bleaching
        • CRYOCLEAN Snow
        • Cryogenic Grinding
      • Clinical Analysis & Diagnostics
      • Coating & Surface Treatment
        • Coating
        • LINDOFLAMM Flame Solutions
        • LINSPRAY Thermal Spray Solutions
      • Controlled & Modified Atmospheres
        • Biological Growth Control
        • Carbonation
        • Controlled Atmosphere Stunning (CAS)
        • Enhancing Greenhouse Growth
        • Liquid Nitrogen Dosing
        • Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
          • MAPAX for Dairy
          • MAPAX for Dry Foods & Bakery
          • MAPAX for Fish & Seafood
          • MAPAX for Fruit & Vegetables
          • MAPAX for Meat
          • MAPAX for Prepared Foods
        • Oxygenation in Aquaculture
      • Cutting, Joining and Heating
        • Thermal Cutting
        • Welding
        • Excimer Laser Gases
        • Heating for Metal Fabrication
      • Freezing & Cooling
        • Cooling of Core Hoses
        • Concrete Cooling
        • Cryogenic Condensation
        • Dross Cooling
        • Extrusion Cooling
        • Fluid Temperature Control
        • Food Chilling & Freezing
        • Ground Freezing
        • In-Transit Refrigeration
        • Cooling for Metal Fabrication
        • Rapid Cooling
        • Reactor Cooling
      • Fumigation & Pestcontrol
      • Heat Treatment
        • Annealing
        • Furnace Brazing
        • Carburizing & Carbonitriding
        • Neutral Hardening
        • Nitriding & Nitrocarburizing
        • Powder Metal Sintering
        • Sub-zero Treatment
        • Gas Supply
      • Inerting, Blanketing & Sparging
        • Blanketing
          • Blanketing of Food
        • Inerting
          • Inerting of Food
        • Sparging
          • Sparging of Food
      • Melting & Heating
        • Glass Forming & Processing
        • Glass Melting
        • REBOX - Oxyfuel Solutions for Reheating
      • Petrochemical Processing
        • Fluid Catalytic Cracking
        • Gas/Liquid Reactions
        • Heterogenous Oxidations
        • Hydrogen Applications
        • Oxygen Enrichment in Claus Plants
        • Partial Oxidation
      • Pharma & Biotechnology
        • Lyophilization
        • Vapor Emission Control
      • Molding, Foaming, Forming & Extrusion
        • Gas Assist Injection Molding
        • Polymer Foaming
        • Cryogenic Rubber Deflashing
        • Tire Vulcanization
      • Process Chemistry
        • Acetylene for Chemical Synthesis
        • Hydrogen Applications
        • Hydrogenation of Oil & Fat
        • ADALKA® Process
        • Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds
        • Stirring
        • White Liquor Oxidation
      • Water and Wastewater Treatment
  • Products & Supply
      • Bulk Industrial Gases
        • Argon
        • Carbon Dioxide
        • Helium
        • Hydrogen
        • Hydrogen Chloride
        • Nitrogen
        • Oxygen
        • Cryogenic Tank Leasing
        • Distribution Methods
      • Aquaculture Solutions and Services
        • Innovations
      • Detectors
      • Dry Ice
      • Electric Propulsion
      • Electronic Gases and Chemicals
        • Bulk Gases
        • Electronic Special Gases
        • Isotopes
        • Lithography Gases
        • On-Site Gas Generation
          • SPECTRA-N On-Site Nitrogen generation
          • HYDROPRIME On-Site Hydrogen generation
          • Generation-F On-Site Fluorine generation
          • On-Site Ammonia purification
        • On-Site Services
        • Rare Gases
        • Gas Systems and Equipment
        • Wet Chemicals
      • Emissions Solutions
        • LoTOx
      • Environmental & VOC Standards
        • VOCs & Criteria Pollutants
      • Excimer Laser Gases
      • Food Chilling Equipment
        • ACCU-CHILL
        • CO2 Snow Generating Equipment
          • Combo Chillers
          • Dri-Pack Systems
          • Snow Generators
          • Snow Horns
        • Dry Ingredient Chilling System
        • Pelletizers
        • In-Transit Refrigeration
      • Food Freezing
        • Linde CRYOLINE Family
        • High Capacity Freezers
          • CRYOLINE CW
          • CRYOLINE XF
          • Immersion Freezers
          • Immersion Spiral
        • Specialty Application Freezers
          • CRYOLINE CW
          • CRYOLINE PE
          • CRYOLINE SC
          • Immersion Freezers
          • Impingement Freezer
        • Spiral Freezers
          • CRYOLINE CS
          • CRYOLINE XF
          • CRYOLINE Spiral
        • Tunnel Freezers
          • CRYOLINE CW
          • CRYOLINE MT
          • CRYOLINE SC
          • CRYOLINE Modular Tunnel
      • Food Grade Gases
      • Fuel Gases
        • Acetylene
        • Hydrogen
        • Propylene
        • LINDOFLAMM Flame Solutions
        • LINSPRAY Thermal Spray Solutions
      • Fumigants
      • Gas Mixtures
        • ARCLINE Welding Solutions
        • LASERLINE
      • HCl
      • Helium
      • Isotopes
        • Fiber Optics
        • Portal Security Gases
        • Medical Isotopes
        • Semiconductors
      • Lighting Gases
      • Liquefied Natural Gas
      • Packaged Chemicals
        • MSDS
          • CAS Listing
          • Material Compatibility
          • Physical Data
      • Pharmaceutical Solutions
        • Fluid Temperature Control
        • Traceability & Pharmaceutical Grade Gases
        • Vapor Emission Control
        • VERISEQ Nucleation
      • Pure Rare Gases
      • Refrigerants
        • Fluorine Refrigerants
          • CFCs
          • HCFC's
          • HFCs
          • HFOs
          • Opteon® YF
        • Natural Refrigerants
          • R717 (Ammonia)
          • R744 (Carbon dioxide)
          • Hydrocarbon Refrigerants
        • Reclaim & Recovery
        • Retrofit Technical Advice
          • HCFC Retrofit Information
        • Waste Management
        • CAS Listing
          • Material Compatibility
          • Physical Data
          • MSDS
      • Specialty Equipment
      • Specialty Gases
        • High Purity Gases
        • Gas Mixtures
        • LASERLINE
        • Services
        • Medical Gases
        • SPECTRA Lithography Gases
        • Portable Calibration Gases
        • Quality
        • Supply Options
        • Tools
      • Supply Modes
        • Bulk Supply
        • Drum Tanks
        • ECOVAR Onsite Solutions
        • HyCO Plants
        • Onsite Air Separation Plants
        • Pipelines
        • Reclaim & Recovery
        • Retrofit Technical Advice
        • Supply Reliability
      • Water Treatment
      • Welding and Safety Products
        • Arc Equipment and Accessories
        • Gas Equipment
        • Safety Products
        • Trade Tools
        • Welding Consumables
      • Window Gases
  • Health & Safety
      • Product & Process Safety Information
        • Safety Data Sheets
        • Handling Dangerous Substances
        • Safe Transport of Gases
        • Acetylene: Safe Transport & Handling
          • Acetylene Hazards
          • Acetylene: Good Practices
          • Acetylene: Positive Action
        • Campaign Against Asphyxiation
      • Legislation
        • REACH
        • GHS
          • GHS FAQs
      • Product Stewardship
        • Safety Advices & Information
      • Responsible Care
        • Guiding Principles
        • Community Outreach
        • Security
      • Vision and Policy
      • Caring for the Environment
        • SARA Title III Reporting
          • Principal Gas Products
          • Reporting Exemptions
          • Hazard Categories
          • Reporting Ranges
          • Storage
          • Helpful Links
  • Innovations
      • Environmentally Sound Gas Applications
      • Hydrogen Energy
        • Production
        • Distribution & Storage
        • Hydrogen Fueling Technologies
          • Cryo Pump
          • Ionic Compressor
        • Hydrogen Energy Applications
          • Hydrogen Fuel for Cars & Buses
          • Forklifts
        • Initiatives and Collaborative Projects
        • FAQs
      • Liquefied Natural Gas
      • Water Treatment
  • News & Media
      • Press Releases
      • Linde @ Social Media
        • Facebook
        • Twitter
        • YouTube
        • Google+
        • LinkedIn
        • Miscellaneous
      • Events
        • Events Archive
        • Upcoming Events
      • Publications
      • Video
        • Safety Videos
      • Linde Apps
      • Image Library
      • Customer Support
  • Contact & Support
      • Customer Support
      • Distributor Locations
        • Distributor Locations AL - MO
        • Distributor Locations MN - WY
        • Distributor Sales Managers
      • Emergency Response
  •  
  • Linde Worldwide
  • The Linde Group
  • Related sites
  • About Linde
  • Careers
  • News & Media
  • Press Releases
  • Linde @ Social Media
  • Events
  • Publications
  • Video
  • Linde Apps
  • Image Library
  • Customer Support
  • News & Media
  • Publications
  • Publication Analyst Presentation Q1 2003
    • Facebook Social Media icon
    • LinkedIn Social Media icon
    • Twitter Social Media icon
    • YouTube Social Media icon
    • Google Plus Social Media icon
    • Tumblr icon for icon bar
    • Sitemap
    • Terms of Use
    • Legal Notice
    • Data protection

  • © The Linde Group 2018